The recent spate of fires linked to solar panels has sparked safety concerns and raised questions about the reliability and maintenance of these renewable energy systems. While solar panels are touted as a clean and efficient energy source, their installation and maintenance have come under scrutiny, particularly in the context of high-profile incidents.
One of the primary issues highlighted is the 'fit and forget' approach often adopted by installers. Dan Wilkins, from insurance company AXA UK, emphasizes the importance of regular servicing and maintenance, stating that many solar panel systems are installed without proper attention to their long-term care. This neglect can lead to performance issues, potentially exacerbated by weather conditions and animal activity.
The Malton hospital fire, which investigators believe started at a rooftop solar panel, is a stark reminder of the risks associated with these systems. The fire in Suffolk led to the disconnection of panels at 80 schools, and the London Ikea incident caused the evacuation of 250 people. The Bristol maternity ward fire, attributed to solar panels, further underscores the potential dangers.
The lack of comprehensive fire incident reporting makes it challenging to assess the true extent of solar panel-related fires. However, the data available indicates a concerning trend. The number of fire incidents in England mentioning solar panels or photovoltaic (PV) panels in the additional information has doubled from 39 in 2020 to 81 in 2024, according to government statistics.
The Building Safety Regulator acknowledges the need for ongoing review and collaboration to address solar panel risks. They are analyzing consultation responses and working with partners to identify appropriate mitigations. The regulator's spokesperson highlights the importance of capturing safety learnings from such incidents and updating guidance for roofing systems and technology.
The report commissioned by the government on fire risks associated with PV panels in February 2026 warns of altered roof performance in fire scenarios. Panels can trap heat, increasing temperatures and potentially accelerating fire spread. However, the report also notes that fire spread tends to cease after a short distance once it is no longer under the panels.
Factors influencing fire spread include panel elevation, inclination, mounting systems, wind, and spacing. The report recommends leaving gaps between PV panel arrays and ensuring roof surfaces are not made of combustible materials to mitigate fire spread and roof penetration. It also calls for further research and a comprehensive approach to addressing these risks.
Wilkins highlights the electrical risk posed by PV panels to firefighters, as they cannot turn off the sun, which continues to collect power. He also mentions a conversation with a firefighter who attributed solar panel fires to a mismatch between the panel and wiring system, leading to arcing and potential fire hazards. The use of non-manufacturer cables, often due to cost considerations, further exacerbates these risks.
The absence of an accreditation scheme for large-scale PV system providers, such as those on hospitals and schools, is another concern. Installers can sign up to the Microgeneration Certification Scheme (MCS) for systems below 50KW, but there is no mandatory requirement. Wilkins advocates for an accreditation body for larger systems, ensuring that they meet appropriate standards and have the necessary training and experience.
The MCS spokesperson reassures that fires involving solar PV systems are rare, with over 2 million MCS-certified installations across the UK. However, they emphasize the importance of taking any fire-related incidents seriously and focus on understanding root causes to minimize such occurrences. Ongoing collaboration with industry partners aims to make PV systems as safe as possible.
In conclusion, while solar panels offer significant environmental benefits, the recent incidents underscore the need for rigorous maintenance, proper installation, and comprehensive safety measures. The industry must address the 'fit and forget' mindset and ensure that solar panel systems are designed, installed, and maintained by accredited and competent organizations to mitigate the risks associated with these fires.
